Tutorials offered at VTC2009-Fall

Note the following changes: T4 will be taught by Prof. Lajos Hanzo. T3 and T6 have been cancelled due to insufficient attendance.

Sunday 20 September 2009

T1: Advances in Multi-User OFDM and MC-CDMA
Presented by: L. Hanzo, Chair of Telecomms., Univ. of Southampton, UK
Time: 8–11:30
Room: Summit Hall, Space 2

Abstract
This overview is based on the presenter's Wiley - IEEE Press monographs on the topic of OFDM and MC-CDMA:

o L. Hanzo, L-L. Yang, E-L. Kuan and K. Yen: Single- and Multi-Carrier
CDMA: Multi-User Detection, Space-Time Spreading, Synchronisation,
Standards and Networking, IEEE Press - John Wiley, June 2003, 1060
pages


o L. Hanzo, M. Munster, B.J. Choi and T. Keller: OFDM and MC-CDMA
for Broadband Multi-user Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting, John
Wiley - IEEE Press, May 2003, 1010 pages

We commence with a brief historical perspective on the advances in multi-carrier
communications, spanning from its first portrayal in the 1957 paper of Doelz,
Heald and Martin to the most recent radical research ideas. Multi-standard
operation is an important requirement for the future generations of wireless systems. This
overview commences with the portrayal of a versatile broadband multi-carrier scheme,
which is capable of meeting the requirements of future generations of wireless
systems, by supporting backwards compatibility with the existing standardized
systems, while also introducing more advanced techniques facilitated by the employment
of Software Defined Radios (SDR) and efficient adaptive baseband algorithms.
The benefits of four different MIMO families will be discussed, with special emphasis
on Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM).

Tutorial Objectives
*****Provide a historical perspective on the development of OFDM/MC-CDMA systems *****Outline the basic system architecture and review the most radical unorthodox performance improvements *****Report on recent advances of MIMO-aided OFDM techniques in a complexity-conscious manner *****Review the entire family of multi-user detection techniques designed for SDMA/SDM OFDM systems

Tutorial Outline

Multi-carrier basics

Space-time coded adaptive OFDM/MC-CDMA

Decision-directed channel estimation.for multi-user OFDM

Multi-user detection

Minimum BER multiuser detection for MIMO-OFDM:

Primary Audience
Whilst this overview is ambitious in terms of providing a research-oriented outlook, potential attendees require only a modest background in wireless networking and communications. The mathematical contents are kept to a minimum and a conceptual approach if adopted. Postgraduate students, researchers and signal processing practitioners as well as managers looking for cross-pollination of their experience with other topics may find the coverage of the presentation beneficial. The participants will receive the set of slides as supporting material and they may find the detailed mathematical analysis in the book referenced below.

Novelty
The most radical performance improvement techniques found in the open literature are highlighted in a performance versus complexity context, with an outlook to promising future solutions.

Biography
Lajos Hanzo received his first-class Master degree in electronics in 1976, his PhD in 1983 and his Doctor of Sciences (DSc) degree in 2004. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). He co-authored 17 IEEE Press - John Wiley books totalling in excess of 10 000 pages on mobile radio communications, published in excess of 800 research papers, organised and chaired major IEEE conferences, and has been awarded a number of distinctions. Lajos is also an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer and a Fellow of both the IEE and IEEE. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Press. For further information on research in progress and associated publications please refer to http://www-mobile.ecs.soton.ac.uk.

Recent overviews: ICC'2004, Paris, France; EUSIPCO'2004, Vienna, Austria; VTC'2005 Spring Stockholm, Sweden; VTC'2005 Fall, Dallas, USA; WPMC'2005 Aalborg, Denmark; VTC'2006 Spring Melbourne, Australia; ICC'2006 Istanbul, Turkey; WCNC'2006, Las Vegas, USA; ISSSTA'2006, Manaus, Brazil; VTC'2006 Fall, Montreal; VTC 2007 Spring, Dublin; ICC 2007, Glasgow; IST' 2007, Budapest, Hungary; VTC 2007 Fall, Baltimore, USA; ColCom'2007, Bogota, Colombia; ICSPC'2007, Dubai; WCNC'2007, Hong-Kong, China; ICC'2008, Beijing, China; VTC'2008 Spring Singapore; WCNC'2008, Las Vegas; VTC'2008 Fall, Calgary, Canada; Globecom'2008, New Orleans, USA; VTC'2009 Spring, Barcelona, Spain; ICC'2009, Dresden, Germany; VTC'2009 Fall, Anchorage; Globecom 2009 Hawai, VTC'10 Taipei

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T2: Cooperation between Communication and Localization Systems
Presented by: Ronald Raulefs, Christian Mensing, Institute of communications and Navigation, DLR e.V
Time: 8–11:30
Room: Summit Hall, Space 3

Abstract
A major goal of this tutorial is to close the gap between academic research and applications for various industry branches, like automotive and communication. The following subjects are addressed: 1. Localization in challenging areas (non-GPS working environments, like urban canyons or indoor) with heterogeneous communication infrastructure and 2. extending the coverage of high-data rate networks by cooperative communications aided by localization, mobility models and navigation information. The attendees get familiar with the characterization of the wireless channel, various positioning techniques, and exploitation strategies to improve reliability and throughput in heterogeneous wireless communication systems by using positioning information.

Tutorial Objectives
Joint scenarios for localization and wireless communications: Multiple scenarios for vehicular and pedestrian applicants will be presented to address the different needs. Features of the wireless channel: The wireless channel is crucial in a wireless communication system and in a localization system as well. The key for both systems to benefit is the characterization of the wireless channel. Specific partly non-overlapping features allow to characterize the wireless channel for communication and localization purposes. Synchronization is the key for both systems, but this comes with different requirements for each system. Localization in GPS inoperative areas: Localization is especially challenging in urban canyons or indoor environments. Satellite based positioning systems fail without the reception of signals from at least four satellites. Heterogeneous communication systems for localization: Cooperative communication and relaying recently has been heavily under investigation. These techniques require a priori topological and environmental knowledge to decide on cooperating partners and right cooperation strategy. Location based multi-hop routing is an example of partial exploitation of this knowledge. Strong dependency of the cooperative communication to nodes relative position and conditions is revealed. However, realistic evaluations of the cooperative communication techniques based on inaccurate location knowledge is crucial to indicate practically achievable performances. Intelligent transport systems using position information: Cars in urban canyons suffer from the lack of recent information about infrastructure changes, like blocked or narrowed streets (e.g. by stops from a single car that causes a traffic congestion). Pedestrians relay on external non-homogeneous sources that require local information to obtain information about changes that would affect reaching their destination. Both applicants benefit from the exploitation of multiple time-variant available wireless communication systems.

Tutorial Outline

1. Introduction

2. Localization and navigation scenarios for pedestrian and vehicular users

3. Wireless channel for local and global communication systems
3.1 Characterization of the wireless channel
3.2 Extracting unique features of the wireless channel

4. Localization in urban canyons and indoor
4.1 Heterogenous communication systems for localization
4.2 Hybrid data fusion using communication terminals

5. Communication in challenging environments
5.1 Benefits based on positioning information for communications on the physical layer
5.2 Cooperative communication based on positioning information

6. Applications for intelligent transport systems (ITS)
6.1 Cooperative vehicular communication
6.2 Cooperative vehicular-pedestrian communication

7. Conclusions

Primary Audience
This tutorial is designed to appeal audience from both academia and industry who are interested in localization and how radio networks benefit. There is no special background about communications and/or localization techniques required as all techniques will be briefly introduced. All potential attendees, R&D engineers for communication and localization, academic researchers and graduate students will benefit from attending the tutorial.

Novelty
The tutorial presents a comprehensive overview acquiring positioning information for vehicular users as well as pedestrian and exploiting this in wireless cooperative communication networks for localization and communication. This tutorial covers an introduction to the theoretical basis of localization as well as practical problems and solutions.

Biography
Christian Mensing has a wide experience in wireless communications and mobile radio based positioning. He studied electrical engineering from 1999 to 2005 at Munich University of Technology (TUM), Germany, with main topics signal processing and high frequency technology. He received the B.Sc., Dipl.-Ing., and M.Sc. degree from TUM in 2002, 2004, and 2005, respectively. During his Master's thesis he joined the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Switzerland. He is currently working towards the Ph.D. degree at the Institute of Communications and Navigation of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany. His research interests include location strategies in cellular networks and satellite-based navigation systems, and efficient iterative detection techniques. He has been involved in several EU-projects, e.g., GREAT, WHERE, WINNER, NEWCOM, COST289, and the DLR-Project GalileoADAP. He has contributed to more than 25 publications in journals and conference proceedings.

Ronald Raulefs studied electrical engineering at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. He attended the University of Edinburgh as an Erasmus student in 1998. He received in 1999 the Dipl.-Ing. degree from the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany and in 2008 the Dr.-Ing. degree from the University of Erlangen, Germany. Since 1999 he is working as research staff member at the Institute of Communications and Navigation of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen. Ronald was a visiting researcher at the City University of Hong Kong in September 2004. He initiated and is currently actively coordinating the ICT WHERE (http://www.ict-where.eu) project with a funding of about 4 M€s. He holds several international patents in the area of mobile communication networks for communication and localization.

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T3: Multiuser MIMO Communications: From Theory to Standardization
Presented by: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Bauch, Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, and Dr. Guido Dietl, DOCOMO Euro-Labs
Time: TBA
Room: CANCELLED

Abstract
Multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) will be the next step in practical implementations of multi-antenna transmission methods in commercial systems. A very simple version of multiuser MIMO has already been standardized in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). Multiuser MIMO is likely to play a major role in standardization of 4G systems like 3GPP-LTE-Advanced and IMT-Advanced. The tutorial is based on both the authors scientific/theoretical work and their active participation in standardization in 3GPP.
We will give an introduction to multiuser MIMO techniques which aim at increasing the sum capacity and spectrum efficiency of the downlink of wireless communications systems. We will report the most important theoretical limits and methods in order to approach those limits. However, the focus of the tutorial is on practical aspects. Since multiuser MIMO has become a topic in standardization for 3GPP-LTE, we concentrate on multiuser MIMO methods and problems which have been discussed in 3GPP-LTE and lead to the respective decisions. This particularly includes design of feedback information, codebook design, actual precoding, receiver processing, and scheduling.
We will show which features of 3GPP-LTE limit the achievable gains by multiuser MIMO. Furthermore, we will make proposals for modifications and extensions in order to obtain substantial performance gains by multiuser MIMO which could be exploited in 3GPP-LTE-Advanced and IMT-Advanced systems. We will also discuss possible application scenarios and services.

Tutorial Objectives
A major goal of this tutorial is to bridge the gap between academic research and industrial application. Based on the authors background from working in a company's research department with both close collaboration with universities and their active participation in the standardisation of 3GPP-LTE, the tutorial tries to give both an introduction to the theoretical basis of multiuser MIMO as well as to practical problems and solutions which have the potential to make their way into standards. 3GPP-LTE and LTE-Advanced will be used as exemplary framework. We will start with a description of performance targets for IMT-Advanced or 3GPP-LTE-Advanced, respectively, and will demonstrate that advanced MIMO is an indispensible ingredient in order to meet those targets even under perfect conditions. We will then explain the principles of MIMO modes in LTE with a focus on closed-loop schemes. The baseline in LTE is single-user (SU) MIMO, i.e. users are separated by means of OFDMA and TDMA but not by spatial separation. However, LTE includes already a very simple form of multiuser (MU) MIMO where SDMA is possible. In the uplink this is mainly a scheduling problem. However, in the downlink the precoder has to take care of inter-user interference. Therefore, we focus on MU-MIMO for the downlink. We will explain the potential benefits of MU-MIMO over SU-MIMO and describe the solution which is included in LTE. The relatively poor performance of this solution will be demonstrated and explained mainly by the too small feedback of channel state information. This motivates to look for better MU-MIMO solutions. We will now give an introduction to information theoretic limits in order to demonstrate the potential of MU-MIMO. We will present non-linear MU-MIMO algorithms which aim at performance close to those limits. This part of the tutorial will be supported by a software demonstration. This part will also include an introduction to dirty paper coding and an intuitive explanation of Tomlinson-Harashima precoding as a simple implementation of dirty paper coding. Finally, we will consider linear MU-MIMO schemes and will show that linear schemes can achieve performance reasonably close to capacity approaching non-linear schemes while having significantly lower complexity. We will particularly focus on limited feedback schemes including precoder or channel vector quantization codebook design. This is motivated by the fact that the amount of feedback bits is a major restriction in commercial systems. We will compare theoretical limits and various MU- and SU-MIMO schemes in terms of achievable rates and complexity. Rate distribution among users, fairness and possible application scenarios will also be discussed.

Tutorial Outline

Introduction
MIMO for bandwidth-efficient wireless communications
Multiuser diversity
Single-user (SU) MIMO versus multiuser (MU) MIMO
Uplink MU-MIMO versus downlink MU-MIMO
Linear versus non-linear MU-MIMO

Single-user MIMO
Spatial multiplexing with Rx and Tx processing

Theoretical fundamentals
Introduction to dirty paper coding (DPC)
Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP)
Precoding for the MIMO broadcast channel

Non-linear MU-MIMO algorithms based on dirty paper coding (DPC) and zero-forcing (ZF)
Sequential encoding with DPC and ZF for single receive antennas
Sequential encoding with DPC and block zero-forcing (block ZF)
SESAM: A capacity approaching algorithm
Comparison of achievable rates

Theoretical limits
Capacity of the SU-MIMO channel
Capacity region of the MIMO multiple-access channel (MAC)
Sum capacity of the MIMO broadcast channel (Sato bound)
DPC and dual MAC region of the MIMO broadcast channel
Capacity region of the MIMO broadcast channel

Linear MU-MIMO schemes for 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3GPP-LTE-Advanced
Linear versus nonlinear precoding
Summary of MIMO techniques in 3GPP-LTE
MU- versus SU-MIMO
Unitary precoding with precoder codebook
ZF precoding with channel codebook
Standardized 3GPP-LTE MU-MIMO scheme
Performance comparisons

Conclusions

Primary Audience
This tutorial addresses engineers in industry and academia who are looking for an overview on multiuser MIMO and are particularly interested in problems and solutions which are discussed in standardization. There is no special background required since brief reviews of the basics will be presented. However, the tutorial also contains material for people with a background in multiuser MIMO such as theory, advanced algorithms, and standardization.

Novelty
Compared to many tutorials in the field of multiuser MIMO communications, this tutorial covers both an introduction to the theoretical basis of multiuser MIMO as well as to practical problems and solutions which have the potential to make their way into standards like, e.g., 3GPP-LTE-Advanced or IMT-Advanced.

Biography
Dr. Gerhard Bauch received the Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering from Munich University of Technology (TUM) in 1995 and 2001, respectively, and the Diplom-Volkswirt degree from FernUniversitaet Hagen in 2001. In 1996, he was with the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. From 1996-2001 he was member of scientific staff at Munich University of Technology (TUM). In 1998 and 1999 he was visiting researcher at AT&T Labs Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA. In 2002 he joined DOCOMO Euro-Labs, Munich, Germany, where he is currently manager of the Advanced Radio Transmission Group. In 2007 he was additionally appointed Research Fellow of DoCoMo Euro-Labs. Since October 2003 he has also been an adjunct professor at Munich University of Technology. In 2007 he was a visiting professor teaching courses at the University of Udine in Italy and at the Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt in Austria. Since February 2009 he has been a full professor at the Universität der Bundeswehr Munich.
He received the best paper award of the European Personal Mobile Communications Conference (EPMCC) 1997 and of Globecom 2008, the Texas Instruments Award of TUM 2001, the award of the German Information Technology Society (ITG in VDE) 2002 (ITG Foerderpreis) and the literature award of the German Information Technology Society (ITG in VDE) 2007 (ITG-Preis).

Dr. Guido Dietl received the Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degree (both summa cum laude) in Electrical Engineering from Munich University of Technology (TUM), Munich, Germany, in 2001 and 2006, respectively. He has been with the TUM from 2001 to 2006 where he was working as a Research Engineer on reduced-rank signal processing in Krylov subspaces and on its application to wireless multiuser communications. In Winter 2000/2001 and Summer 2004, he was a Guest Researcher at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. In Fall 2005, he visited the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra, ACT, Australia. He joined DOCOMO Euro-Labs, Munich, Germany, in 2006, where he is currently Senior Researcher of the Wireless Technologies Research Group.
Dr. Dietl received the VDE Award for his diploma thesis in 2001, the Kurt Fischer Award of TUM for his doctoral thesis in 2007 and the award of the German Information Technology Society (ITG in VDE) 2007 (ITG Foerderpreis).

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T4: Relays and Cooperative Communication
Presented by: L. Hanzo, Chair of Telecomms., Univ. of Southampton, UK (updated)
Time: 13–16:30
Room: Summit Hall, Space 2

Abstract
This tutorial introduces the principles of cooperative communication. Cooperation protocols and their properties are studied, highlighting the key ideas, revealing the tools and techniques of the area, with a blend of theory and practice. Recent developments and potential future trends are discussed.

Tutorial Objectives
In the early days of wireless communications the research community used to view multipath-induced dispersion as an undesirable propagation phenomenon, which could only be combatted with the aid of complex channel equalizers. The longer the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) was, the more complex the channel equalizer became. However, provided that the complexity of a sufficiently high-memory channel equalizer was affordable, the receiver could benefit from the fact that the individual propagation paths faded independently. To leaborate a little further, even if one of the paths was experiencing a high attenuation, there was a good chance that some of the other paths were not, which led to a potential diversity gain. However, if the channel does not exhibit several independently fading paths, techniques of artificially inducing diversity may have to be sought. A simple option is to employ a higher direct-sequence spreading factor, which results in a higher number of resolvable multipath components and hence in an increased diversity gain. Naturally, this is only possible if either the available bandwidth may be extended according to the spreading factor or the achievable bitrate is reduced by the same factor. A whole host of classic diversity combining techniques may be invoked then for recovering the original signal. An alternative technique of providing multiple independently faded replicas of the transmitted signal is to employ relaying, distributed space-time coding or some other cooperation-aided procedure, which is the subject of this course. One could also view the benefits of decode-and-forward based relaying as receiving and then flawlessly regenerating and re-transmitting the original transmitted signal from a relay - provided of course that the relay succeeded in error-freely detecting the original transmitted signal. This course reviews the current state-of-the-art and proposes a number of novel relaying and cooperation techniques. An important related issue is the availability or the absence accurate channel information, which leads to the concept of coherent versus non-coherent detection at the realys and at the destination. Similarly, the related initial synchronization issues also have to be considered. Naturally, when using hard-decisions in the transmission chain, we discard valuable soft-information, which results in an eroded performance, albeit also reduces the complexity imposed. Hence the hard- versus soft-decoding performance trade-off will also be explored in the course, along with the benefits of interleaved random space-time coding invoked for multi-source cooperation.

Tutorial Outline

History and Background

Relaying Protocols

Relay Performance

Coding for Cooperation

Extensions: Multi-node and Multi-antenna Systems

Relay Selection

Multi-Source Cooperation

Coherent versus Non-coherent Detection

The effects of Shadow-Fading

Advanced Topics and Potential Research Directions

Primary Audience
This light-hearted overview was prepared for colleagues from academia, industry, and government, including graduate students looking for open research problems. The level of treatment is mainly conceptual.

Novelty
This overview considers all practical aspects of cooperative communications, including coherent versus non-coherent detection, the prevention of error propagation owing to decode-and-forward errors, etc

Biography
Lajos Hanzo (http://www-mobile.ecs.soton.ac.uk) FREng, FIEEE,
FIET, DSc received his degree in electronics in 1976 and his doctorate
in 1983. During his 31-year career in telecommunications he has held
various research and academic posts in Hungary, Germany and the
UK. Since 1986 he has been with the School of Electronics and Computer
Science, University of Southampton, UK, where he holds the chair in
telecommunications. He has co-authored 17 books on mobile radio
communications totalling in excess of 10 000, published in excess of
900 research papers, acted as TPC Chair of IEEE conferences, presented
keynote lectures and been awarded a number of distinctions. Currently
he is directing an academic research team, working on a range of
research projects in the field of wireless multimedia communications
sponsored by industry, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
Council (EPSRC) UK, the European IST Programme and the Mobile Virtual
Centre of Excellence (VCE), UK. He is an enthusiastic supporter of
industrial and academic liaison and he offers a range of industrial
courses. He is also an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer as well as a
Governor of both the IEEE ComSoc and the VTS. He is the acting
Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Press. For further information on research
in progress and associated publications please refer to
http://www-mobile.ecs.soton.ac.uk

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T5: Vehicular Communications: Standards, Protocols, Applications and Technical, Business Challenges
Presented by: Dr. Rajeev Shorey, Lab Group Manager, Vehicular Communications Group, GM Research, Bangalore, India
Time: 13–16:30
Room: Summit Hall, Space 3

Abstract
Vehicular networks have been the subject of much attention lately. A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network, or VANET, is a form of mobile ad-hoc network, which provides communications among nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby fixed equipment, usually described as roadside equipment. Enabled by short-range to medium-range communication systems (vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-roadside), the vision of vehicular networks includes real-time and safety applications, sharing the wireless channel with mobile applications from a large, decentralized array of service providers. Vehicular safety applications include collision and other safety warnings. Non-safety applications include real-time traffic congestion and routing information, high-speed tolling, mobile infotainment, and many others.

Several factors have contributed to the surging interest in vehicular networks. In December 2003, the U.S. FCC approved 75 MHz of spectrum for Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), and the resulting DSRC system is expected to be the first wide-scale vehicular network in North America. The IEEE 1609 Family of Standards for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) has come out with standards for vehicular communications at all the layers: the MAC (IEEE 1609.4), Networking (IEEE 1609.3), Security (IEEE 1609.2) and Application layer (IEEE 1609.1).

The goal of this tutorial is to discuss detailed developments in the area of vehicular networks - from standards, protocols, government efforts across the world to numerous technical challenges in the area.

Tutorial Objectives
The objective of the tutorial is to bring together leading researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, for an in-depth exchange of ideas in the area of "Vehicular Communications". Vehicular Networks have attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. Creating high-performance, highly scalable, robust and secure vehicular networking technologies presents an extraordinary challenge to the wireless research community. In addition to the existing IEEE standards in vehicular networks, the tutorial will describe the efforts of the Vehicular Safety Consortium (VSC), the Crash-Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) consortium and the Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII). The tutorial will discuss several technical challenges in creating high-performance, scalable, and secure VANET technologies. The tutorial will cover topics such as VANET protocols, the WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) stack, performance issues, security paradigms, etc. Topics that remain a huge challenge in vehicular networks such as Security and Scalability of VANETs will be discussed in detail. At the end of the tutorial, the participants should have an in-depth understanding of business, technical and research challenges in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks.

Tutorial Outline

1. Introduction to VANETs

2. Differences between VANETs and MANETs

3. Safety and commercial applications of VANETs

4. The WAVE stack and the DSRC protocol
4.1 Multi-channel organization/operation

5. Issues in VANET Protocol design

6. Security and Privacy issues in VANETs
6.1 Broadcast Authentication Algorithms
6.2 IEEE 1609.2 Security Standard
6.3 Challenges in securing VANETs

7. Scalability in VANETs
7.1 Dependence of Scalability upon VANET Applications

8. Mobility Models of VANETs

9. Detailed discussion of the efforts of various consortia such as VSC-A, CAMP, VII

10. Open research problems in VANETs along with proposed solutions in some of the key areas
10.1 Resource constrained platform
10.2 Cost related issues

11. Conclusion and Scope for Future Work

12. Key References in the area

Primary Audience
This tutorial is intended for researchers and practitioners who want to track new developments in Vehicular Networks but do not have the time or patience to read relevant papers or specifications. The tutorial will serve extremely useful for research students who are looking for open problems in this space and who are keen to build a deep understanding in the area. Managers and marketers wishing to obtain a better understanding of the VANET space will also benefit from this tutorial.

Novelty
At the end of the tutorial, the participants will have an in-depth understanding of (i) business, (ii) technical and (iii) research challenges in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks.

The tutorial will present some of the key technical challenges in detail such as "Security" and "Scalability" in VANETs.

Detailed discussion of the objectives of existing consortia (e.g., VSC-A, CAMP, VII) would be extremely useful to delegates from industry and government organizations.

Biography
Rajeev Shorey is the Lab Group Manager of the Vehicle Communications and Information Management Group of India Science Lab (ISL) at GM Research and Development, Bangalore. Prior to joining GM Research, Rajeev was a Research Staff Member at the IBM Research Laboratory, New Delhi from 1998 to October 2005.

Rajeev received his Ph.D in Electrical Communication Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India in 1996. Dr. Shorey’s work has resulted in more than 50 publications in international journals and conferences and several US patents, all in the area of wireless and wired networks. He has 10 issued US patents and several pending patents to his credit.

Rajeev serves on the Editorial boards of IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks Journal of Mobile Communication, Computation and Information. He has thrice been the guest editor of IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, including a special issue on
"Vehicular Networks" that was published in October 2007. He is the editor of the book titled "Mobile, Wireless and Sensor Networks: Technology, Applications and Future Directions" published by John Wiley, US in March 2006. Rajeev is the General Chair of the Sixth ACM International Workshop on VehiculAr Inter-NETworking (VANET 2009), a workshop in conjunction with ACM MobiCom 2009. Rajeev has given numerous talks and seminars in industry and academia all over the world and given several Tutorials in International conferences.

For his contributions in the area of Communication Networks, Rajeev was elected Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering in 2007. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and a Member of ACM.

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T6: Cross-Layer Optimization for Wireless Networks: Top-Down or Bottom-Up Design
Presented by: Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University
Time: TBA
Room: CANCELLED

Abstract
In this tutorial, we discuss the cross-layer optimization issues in wireless networks by investigating the impact of physical (PHY) layers on the media access control (MAC) and higher protocol layers, or vice versa. In particular, we explore the benefits of cross-layer design for multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) cellular mobile networks, wireless local area networks (WLAN), and wireless sensor networks (WSN).

Tutorial Objectives
In the first part of this talk, from the standpoint of the top-down design, i.e. from MAC layer to PHY layer, we introduce the concept of "soft coverage" in MU-MIMO cellular mobile systems. Specifically, the MAC layer multi-user scheduling algorithm is designed to improve the coverage of MIMO cellular mobile systems without increasing transmission power in the PHY layer. Next, we show that the multi-user scheduling algorithm can also simplify the design of MIMO receiver as well. It will be demonstrated that a simple zero-forcing MIMO receiver combined with appropriate multi-user scheduling algorithm can achieve the performance of the optimal MIMO receiver. In the second part of this talk, from the viewpoint of the bottom-up design, i.e., from PHY layer to higher protocol layer, we first discuss how radio propagation channels affect the design of rate adaptation schemes of WLAN. Specifically, we show that it is not necessary to adopt the complete eight modulation and coding (MCS) modes specified in IEEE 802.11 WLAN for various transmission rates in a Rayleigh fading fading.

Tutorial Outline

1. Introduction

2. Cross-layer Investigation for Multi-User MIMO Systems
2.1 Fundamental for MIMO systems
2.2 Performance Issues for Multiuser MIMO Systems
* Coverage and Capacity Tradeoff
2.3 Zero-Forcing vs Optimal Receivers in MU-MIMO scheduling systems
2.4 Zero-Forcing Multiuser MIMO systems vs Dirty-Paper-Coding Multiuser Receiver

3. Cross-layer investigation for wireless local area networks (WLAN)
3.1 Fundamental for IEEE 802.11 WiFi
3.2 Rate adaptation for WLAN

4. Cross-layer investigation for wireless sensor networks
4.1 Fundamental for WSN

5. Cross-layer investigation for wireless sensor networks (WSN)

Primary Audience
The tutorial may mainly interest the audiences from the academia.

Novelty
New approach of exploiting the degree of freedom in the user domain will be introduced, for example, soft coverage, reduced mode rate adaptation, and cluster planning.

Biography
Li-Chun Wang (S-92, M-96, SM-06) received a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1986; the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, in 1988; and an M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, in 1995 and 1996, respectively.

From 1990 to 1992, he was with Chunghwa Telecom. In 1995, he was affiliated with Northern Telecom in Richardson, Texas. From 1996 to 2000, he was with AT&T Laboratories, where he was a Senior Technical Staff Member in the Wireless Communications Research Department. In August 2000, he joined the Department of Communication Engineering of National Chiao-Tung University in Taiwan as an associate professor and has been a full professor since August 2005. Dr. Wang was a co-recipient of the Jack Neubauer Best Paper Award from IEEE VTS in 1997. His current research interests are in the areas of cellular architectures, radio network resource management, cross-layer optimization for cooperative and cognitive wireless networks. He is the holder of eight U.S. patents with three more pending.

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T7: Predicted Dynamic Response of Portable Electronics to Shocks and Vibrations
Presented by: Ephraim Suhir, University of California, University of Maryland, ERS Co., USA
Time: 8–11:30
Room: Summit Hall, Space 5

Abstract
We address some major problems of the linear and nonlinear dynamic response of portable electronics assemblies and devices to shocks and vibrations. The emphasis is on the physics of the phenomena and on the role of predictive modeling, particularly analytical ("mathematical") modeling for the prediction and prevention of mechanical ("physical") failures in portable devices.

Tutorial Objectives
-Indicate and explain the major physical phenomena associated with the response of portable electronic assemblies and structures to dynamic loading -Explain the role, the attributes and the challenges in prediction of the nonlinear response -Provide recommendations for the prediction and prevention of possible materials' ("physical") failures in portavle devices experiencing shock or vibration loading

Tutorial Outline

Introduction

Linear Response:
Effect of viscous damping
Heavy electronic components: free and forced vibrations
Random vibrations: why and when should the uncertainties be accounted for?
Is the maximum acceleration an adequate reliability criterion?
Could shock tests adequately mimic drop test conditions?
Could an impact load of finite duration be substituted with an instantaneous impulse?
Compliant SMD/PCB interfaces and their role in the dynamic response of a SMD/PCB assembly to a shock load
Portable device experiencing drop impact applied to its end
Effect of the initial position of a portable device on the possible damage of its IC as a result of a drop impact
PCB with a concentrated ("lump") mass at its center: predicted frequency and coordinate function

Nonlinear Response:
Elongated PCB: role of reactive "membrane" forces
Sudden acceleration applied to the PCB's support contour
Repetitive impact loads applied to the PCBs support contour: linear and nonlinear response
Could an impact load of finite duration be substituted with an instantaneous impulse?
Coordinate function: is it affected by the "membrane" (in-plane tensile) forces?

Some Specific Problems:
Ideal shock absorber
Isolation of vulnerable elements (NCR module)
Nonlinear "cushion" with a rigid and soft characteristic of nonlinearity
Application of nano-wires as a possible "cushion" for shock protection

Conclusion

Primary Audience
Engineers, students, scientists, technical managers working or interested in the field of reliability physics of portable devices

Novelty
It is a unique course that has never been taught by any other instructor
(to the best of Dr. Suhir's knowledge)

Biography
Dr. Suhir is Distinguished Member of Technical Staff (ret), Physical Sciences and Engineering Research Division, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ. He is currently on the faculty of the University of California at Santa Cruz and University of Maryland at College Park. Dr. Suhir is Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE). Dr. Suhir is co-founder of the ASME Journal of Electronic Packaging and served as its Technical Editor for eight years (1993-2001). Dr. Suhir has authored about 300 technical publications (papers, book chapters, books, patents), including monographs “Structural Analysis of Microelectronic and Fiber Optic Systems”, Van-Nostrand, 1991 and “Applied Probability for Engineers and Scientists”, McGraw-Hill, 1997. Dr. Suhir presented numerous invited and keynote talks and taught many professional development courses on various topics of materials, reliability, electrical, optical and mechanical engineering. He organized many successful conferences and symposia worldwide. Dr. Suhir received numerous distinguished service and professional awards, including 2004 ASME Worcester Read Warner Medal for outstanding contributions to the permanent literature of engineering through a series of papers in Mechanical, Microelectronic, and Optoelectronic Engineering, which established a new discipline known as the Structural Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Systems; 2001 IMAPS John A. Wagnon Technical Achievement Award for outstanding contributions to the technical knowledge of the microelectronics, optoelectronics, and packaging industry; 2000 IEEE-CPMT Outstanding Sustained Technical Contribution Award for outstanding, sustained and continuing contributions to the technologies in fields encompassed by the CPMT Society; 2000 SPE International Engineering/Technology (Fred O. Conley) Award for outstanding pioneering and continuing contributions to plastics engineering; 1999 ASME and Pi-Tau-Sigma Charles Russ Richards Memorial Award for outstanding contributions to mechanical engineering; 1996 Bell Labs Distinguished Member of Technical Staff Award for outstanding pioneering contributions to several important fields of Applied and Engineering Mechanics, and Materials Science and Engineering

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